The standard method for jump starting a car is sound for one situation only: a flat battery, a 12-volt system, a second car with a healthy battery, and an owner’s manual that says nothing different. Outside that situation the method stops applying in at least five identifiable ways, and on one step, whether the engine of the donor car should be running, two Australian motoring clubs publish opposite instructions. The finding is therefore short. The handbook for the car in the driveway governs, a roadside service is the fallback when the handbook is unclear, and the generic sequence found on most websites is a floor, not a ceiling.

That finding rests on three documents: a guide from RACV published in March 2026, a jump-start FAQ from RAC in Western Australia, and the jump-starting section of a 2023 Kia owner’s manual for a hybrid model. This article is general information about how to jump start a car, not advice for a particular vehicle. The owner’s manual and a roadside assistance provider are the authorities for any given car, and nothing below replaces them.

Two limits apply. Three documents are a narrow base, and the manual covers one manufacturer’s hybrid, so every row in the table later in this article names its source instead of claiming a rule for all cars. The article also prints only the figures those documents print. It does not rate batteries, price replacements or compare equipment, because none of the three does.

The standard method, and who agrees on it

RACV’s guide, published in March 2026, sets out the sequence most drivers have seen in some form. Written as steps, it reads as follows.

1. Switch both cars off, park them or leave them in neutral, and put the handbrakes on.
2. Attach one red clamp to the positive terminal of the flat battery.
3. Attach the other red clamp to the positive terminal of the charged battery.
4. Attach one black clamp to the negative terminal of the charged battery.
5. Attach the other black clamp to “a piece of bare, unpainted metal on the car with the flat battery (such as a nut on the engine block)”. RACV adds that this clamp must not go on the flat battery’s terminal.
6. Start the charged car and let it run for one minute.
7. Start the car with the flat battery, and leave both cars running for several minutes.
8. Disconnect the clamps in the reverse order.
9. Drive for 10 to 20 minutes.

Most of that sequence is uncontroversial, and the step people argue about most is the fifth: the habit of clamping the last lead to the flat battery’s negative terminal because the colours match. RACV says not to, and the Kia manual agrees, which matters because a motoring club and a vehicle manufacturer have no obvious reason to coordinate their wording.

The manual gives its reason in two parts. A battery produces hydrogen gas, and the manual says that gas “will explode if exposed to flame or sparks”. It then instructs the reader not to connect the booster’s negative directly to the discharged battery’s negative, but to a metallic point “far away from the battery”. Neither document says which individual connection is the likeliest to spark, and this article does not guess. What the two sources establish is the instruction, the hazard it addresses and the agreement between them.

Both documents also steer the reader away from improvising. RACV states a rule: “Always refer to your car’s manual for model-specific instructions”. The Kia manual recommends that, if in doubt, a competent technician or towing service should do the jump start. RACV also notes that an incorrect jump start can cause problems with a car’s electrical systems, which is the stated cost of getting the order wrong.

The sequence quietly assumes four things: that the system is 12 volt, that the flat battery is in a usable physical state, that the donor car can safely act as a donor, and that the battery is flat for an ordinary reason, such as a light left on, and not because it is failing. Each is a place where at least one of the three sources says the method no longer applies, and the sections below take them in turn.

Where two motoring clubs disagree

The sixth step is where RACV and RAC part company. RACV tells the reader to start the donor car and let it run for one minute, then to start the flat car and leave both running for several minutes. RAC says the opposite. Its FAQ states that once the leads are correctly connected the reader should not start the car with the good battery, and that “the engine of the vehicle with the good battery should not be running during the procedure”.

RAC gives a reason. Leaving the donor engine off “helps reduce the voltage differential between the two batteries, which reduces the risk of a spike”. The page recommends spike-protected jumper leads, and it concedes that “there is always a risk of electronic damage when performing a jump start”. The two clubs also differ on what follows the jump. RACV says to drive for 10 to 20 minutes. RAC says that after a battery has been depleted it “will need a full recharge using a battery charger”.

The table leaves out any judgement about which club is right, and that is deliberate. Neither club publishes test data in the pages read, the Kia manual does not state the donor-engine step at all, and a ruling built on thin evidence would only add a third opinion to a field that already has two. What can be said is narrower. Where the owner’s manual covers the point, the manual decides it, and RACV says so in terms. Where the manual is silent, the reader holds two published positions from two motoring clubs, and the safer course is to hand the question to a roadside service instead of choosing between them in a cold car park.

Five cases where the standard steps stop working

The table sets out the five situations the sources identify. Each row names its document, and none adds a rule that the document does not state.

The table leaves out three things. It says nothing about the health of any battery, because none of the sources offers a test. It carries no costs, because none prints a price. And it is not a model-by-model list: the hybrid rule comes from one manufacturer’s manual for one hybrid, and this article does not extend it to other makes, which may word the point differently or not address it at all.

Two rows answer questions that readers ask often. The first is whether a hybrid can be used to jump someone else’s car. The Kia manual says no, and gives the reason: the hybrid’s own 12-volt battery can be damaged. It is easy to assume that a hybrid has power to spare and should make a good donor, but the manual’s wording points the other way. Whether another manufacturer’s manual says the same is a question for that manual.

The second is the 24-volt row, where the manual’s language is strongest. Damage “beyond repair” is its phrase, and it attaches to the starting motor, the ignition and other parts. The instruction to use only a 12-volt system is about the source of the power, whatever sits on the other end of the leads.

Leads or a pack?

A portable jump pack avoids the need for a second car, which is its obvious appeal, and RAC recommends spike-protected leads for anyone who does use a donor. Neither the RACV nor the RAC page compares leads with a pack, and this article names no product and prints no rating, because nothing in the sources supports one. The handbook governs either way, and a pack does not remove the 12-volt requirement or the warning about a frozen battery.

When another jump is the wrong answer

The battery that goes flat again soon is the case in which the method works and the problem remains. RACV’s wording is direct: if the battery dies again soon, “it may be time for a new battery”, and the reader should not rely on continually jump starting. The qualifier “may” is RACV’s, and it is right to keep it. Take a hypothetical driver whose battery goes flat once, after an interior light was left on overnight. That is one event with an obvious cause. If the same battery goes flat again soon afterwards, it is a different event, and the first jump start has done nothing to explain it. The method restarted the car; it did not diagnose anything.

RAC’s point about recharging touches the same case. RAC says a depleted battery needs a full recharge using a battery charger, while RACV says to drive for 10 to 20 minutes. The two clubs do not agree on whether the drive is enough, and this article does not decide it. Both statements treat the jump start as the first part of the job and not the whole of it.

This section gives no guidance on choosing a replacement, no cost and no method for testing a battery, because the sources give none. The Kia manual’s recommendation applies here as it does elsewhere: where there is doubt, a competent technician or towing service is the safer way to get the car moving.

What forums get right and wrong

A common view among drivers online is that connecting red to red and black to black has always worked, and for a healthy, plain 12-volt battery that is true often enough to persuade people. The weakness of the view is that it says nothing about a hybrid donor, a 24-volt supply, a frozen battery or the voltage spike RAC describes, because in the ordinary case none of those arises. A method that has always worked has only ever been tried in the ordinary case.

The same discussions contain a more useful habit: preferring bare metal to the flat battery’s negative terminal. That habit has a stated reason in the Kia manual, hydrogen gas and sparks, and it has the support of RACV. It is the part of the folklore worth keeping.

Check the Handbook First

This article asks for one step, and it takes a few minutes. Find the page in the car’s owner’s manual headed “jump starting”, or its nearest equivalent, and read it before the day it is needed. Note whether it addresses the donor engine, whether it says anything about hybrids or the 12-volt requirement, and whether it names a particular terminal or metal point for the last clamp. If the page is silent on any of those, the roadside service number is the next thing to store in the phone.

Sources: RACV, Car battery guide: how they work, when to replace them, and how to jump-start, 26 March 2026 (https://www.racv.com.au/royalauto/transport/cars/car-battery-guide-how-to-know-if-it-needs-replacing.html); RAC, Car Doctor: jump start (https://rac.com.au/faq/cm_car_doctor_jumpstart); Kia owner’s manual, hybrid (model code MQ4), 2023 edition, Jump-starting (https://ownersmanual.kia.com/full_webhelp/MQ4KH/2023/en_US/topics/t00636.html)